Outcome Research to Investigate The Actual Status of Mrsa Infection And Usage of Anti-Mrsa Drugs In Real Clinical Settings In Japan : A Retrospective Database Study.

atic literature review (May, 2015) to identify clinical trial evidence (i.e. randomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled trials, and single-arm clinical trials) assessing sustained virological response rates among interferon-free and interferon-containing antiviral regimens for hepatitis C. NMA require that the network is connected in order to facilitate adjusted indirect comparisons by which the treatment effect is isolated from the study effect. The study effects are estimated using common comparators. In the absence of common comparators, we incorporated the single-arm data directly into the Bayesian framework using simulated controls. The simulated controls were obtained by first modeling the reference treatment, and then using the constructed model to predict the most likely control outcome values given the observed trial characteristics. Using the simulated controls, traditional NMA methods were applied to the resulting data. Results: Seventy clinical trial arms, including 8,997 patients, contributed to the analysis of sustained virological response (SVR). All interferon-free regimens were statistically advantageous when compared to peginterferon-ribavirin (RR> 2.00). Furthermore, all interferon-free regimens were statistically better than telaprevir+peginterferonribavirin, boceprevir+peginterferon-ribavirin, simeprevir+peginterferon-ribavirin, and sofosbuvir+ribavirin (RR> 1.25). No statistical differences were observed between the interferon-free regimens. Given the large disparity between the two treatment classes, use of simulated-control NMA did not lead to large differences in conclusions when compared to the naïve approach; however, the magnitude of estimates and rankings were affected. ConClusions: The use of single-arm trials to assess interferon-free antivirals is common. We have shown that advanced statistical modeling can be used to assess the comparative efficacy new interferonfree antiviral regimens.